The Making of Technology in Shenzhen, Local and Global Implications

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# The Making of Shenzhen

### Clément Renaud

Institute for Area and Global Studies (IAGS) 
Swiss Institute of Technology (EPFL)

2020

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background-image: url(../ShanzhaiArcheology/img/HQBstuff.jpg)

.inverse[
# World Center of Consumer Electronics   
]

.inverse.footnote[Huaqiang Bei district in Shenzhen]

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background-image: url(../EPFL-GoingEast/img/shenzhen.jpg)

.inverse[
# Shenzhen : 1978-2018
]

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.col-one-half[
# Happy Birthday Shenzhen!

June 30th, 2018 
40 years old
]

.col-one-half[
![](./img/happy_birthday.gif)
]

source : [cctv](https://scontent-atl3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t66.18014-6/36441672_1980668251984476_4394509737529828412_n.mp4?_nc_cat=0&efg=eyJ2ZW5jb2RlX3RhZyI6Im9lcF9oZCJ9&oh=f221358d7111a26805108caca12a4964&oe=5BE79C62)
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class: center
background-image: url(./img/Pearl_River_Delta_Area.png)
.inverse[
# The "Greater Bay Area"
]

.align-right.inverse.footnote[80-100 millions people, four different legal and fiscal systems,  
two stock markets,	40% of global port traffic, etc...
]

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class:center
background-image: url(./img/PRD_history.jpg)

.inverse[
# Legacy of a Global History
]

.footnote.small[
A trade port in Guangdong at the end of the 19th Century -  source: [Wright, Arnold (1908)](https://archive.org/details/twentiethcentury00wriguoft)
]

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background-image: url(./img/wuhan-bridge.jpg)

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background-image: url(../EPFL-GoingEast/img/china-engineer.jpg)

.inverse[
# The Dream of the Red Engineers
]

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# "We should dare to experiment and break a new path. That is the important lesson to be learned from Shenzhen."

[Deng Xiaoping](https://dengxiaopingworks.wordpress.com/2013/03/18/excerpts-from-talks-given-in-wuchang-shenzhen-zhuhai-and-shanghai/) - Jan 20, 1992 in Shenzhen

.col-one-half[
[![](./img/DXP_nanxun.jpg)](http://www.china.org.cn/china/CPC_90_anniversary/2011-04/19/content_22392494.htm)
]

.col-one-half.small[

Sep 9, 1976  
## End of the Cultural Revolution

Dec 1978  
## Beginning of economic reform

May 1980  
## Shenzhen Special Economic Zone

Jan-Feb 1992  
## The Southern tour（南巡）

]

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background-image: url(./img/shenzhen-map.jpg)
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# The planning of Shenzhen

.footnote[

*"Chinese urban planning is not top-down but rather operates from small [projects] to large [plan]"* --- Huang Weiwen, Shenzhen Center for Design Director

.small[
quote from O'Donnell, 2016 - map : Ng and Tang, 2004
]
]

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## Shenzhen Master Plan (1996)

.footnote[
Shenzhen Municipal Government in O'Donnell
]

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background-image: url(./img/shenzhen-2010-2014-plan.jpg)
class: inverse

## Shenzhen Master Plan (2010)

.footnote[
(Shenzhen Municipal Government 2010)
]

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background-image: url(./img/xia_hai.jpeg)

.inverse[
# 90s: Jumping into the sea .small[“下海”]
]

.footnote[
image: Taiwan Mobile (大哥大)
]

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.inverse[
# Building up digital infrastructures
]

.col-one-half[
.inverse[Information Highways (1991)]

![](./img/cyber_politics-bill.png)

]

.col-one-half[
.inverse[Golden Projects (1992)]

![](./img/cyber_politics-jiang.png)
]

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background-image: url(./img/Electronics_factory_in_Shenzhen-min.jpg)

.inverse[
# Manufacturing the "global village"
]

.inverse.footnote[a micro-soldering chain in Guangdong   
.small[photo: Wikipedia]
]

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background-image: url(./img/longhua.jpg)

# Longhua Industrial District

.footnote[
Home of Foxconn/Hon Hai Longhua plant. Incorporated in the SEZ in 2010
.small[(Zou, 2014)]
]

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background-image: url(img/remote_exploded.jpg)
.inverse[
# Learning from scratch
]

.footnote[image: [Bug Workshop](http://bugworkshop.blogspot.co.uk/2014/11/sonyrm-677c.html)]

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background-image: url(../ShanzhaiArcheology/img/HQBlife.jpg)

.inverse[
# The family-based factory
]

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background-image: url(../ShanzhaiArcheology/img/HQBstuff.jpg)

# Huaqiangbei

.footnote[

]

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background-image: url(./img/huaqiangbei-map.png)

# Huaqiangbei

.footnote[

]

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background-image: url(./img/iPhones.jpg)

.inverse.center[
# ☆ AAA货 ☆
]

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background-image: url(./img/mtk.jpg)

.inverse.center[
# Modularization of technology
]

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background-image: url(./img/whitebox.jpg)

.inverse.center[
# The 90s "Whitebox" Computers
]

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background-image: url(../ShanzhaiArcheology/img/shapes-shanzhai.jpeg)

.inverse[
# shan zhai 山寨
]

.footnote.small[
[SHANZHAI ARCHEOLOGY](http://disnovation.org/shanzhai.html) by DISNOVATION.ORG, Qu Hongyuan & Clément Renaud
]

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background-image: url(../ShanzhaiArcheology/img/PowerBankPhone.png)
class:center

.inverse[
# Trying all sort of things
]
.footnote.inverse.align-right[
## Facing new problems

Accra, Ghana (2015)
  .small[
    source: [Quartz Africa](https://qz.com/411330/the-mystery-of-the-power-bank-phone-taking-over-ghana/)  
  ]

]

.left-column[
![](../ShanzhaiArcheology/img/PowerBankPhoneFront.png)
![](../ShanzhaiArcheology/img/PowerBankPhoneFrontProfile.png)
]

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background-image: url(./img/bitcoin-mine.jpeg)

.inverse[
# Real-time technology making
]

.footnote.small[Source : Vice]

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background-image: url(./img/qr.jpg)

.inverse[
# Defining new paths
]

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background-image: url(./img/cny-robodance.gif)

.inverse[
# Growing and nurturing giants
]

.inverse[
### Foxconn but also Tencent, Huawei, BYD, DJI, BGI, Ping An...
]

.footnote.small[
2017 Chinese New Year TV show featuring a ballet of robots by Shenzhen company *UBTech*  
dancing with the famous singer Sun Nan - source: CCTV
]

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background-image: url(../ShanzhaiArcheology/img/ShenzhenMap.png)

.inverse[
# Learning from Shenzhen
]

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background-image: url(../EPFL-GoingEast/img/chuangke.jpg)

.inverse[
# "Maker's heaven" : the model city
]

.footnote[The maker (创客), new hero of the **Made in China 2025** 10-year plan]

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background-image: url(./img/REFORM-Superblock.jpg)

.inverse[
# Towards a "modular" city ?
]

.footnote[ source : [Harvard RE-FORM project](https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/project/re-form-towards-human-scale-urbanism-in-china/)]

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background-image: url(./img/massive-flyover-before.jpg)

.inverse[
## "Work started Jan. 29..."
]
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background-image: url(./img/massive-flyover-after.jpg)

.inverse[
## "...and was completed Feb. 6"
]

.footnote[
source : [Eye Shenzhen - Massive flyover dismantled at Shenzhen Speed ](http://www.eyeshenzhen.com/content/2019-02/13/content_21404674.htm)
]

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background-image: url(./img/REFORM-betweenessSE.jpg)

.inverse[
# Building Blocks
]

.footnote[ source : [Harvard RE-FORM project](https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/project/re-form-towards-human-scale-urbanism-in-china/)]

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.inverse[
# Shaping new spaces around the world
]

.footnote.inverse[
China city in Johannesburg - source: Quartz
]
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# Thank you all for your attention
## Questions ?

### @clemsos